Though disheartening, the emerging consensus that the COVID vaccines offer declining immunity is hardly surprising. Some vaccines, such as those for polio, do offer long-term immunity; in contrast, influenza shots have become an annual ritual in many households. The possibility that COVID vaccines would require an annual booster has always been on the table. With a fourth COVID wave crashing on the borders of most provinces, the urgency of offering boosters appears to be growing.
Research and teaching in public-policy
